Types of antenna for 2.4GHz and 5GHz data transmissionClassification by device location: – internal – built-in antenna used in tablets, laptops, miniature access points, – external – antenna attached directly to the device or installed at a certain distance and connected with a coaxial cable.
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Classification by radiation characteristics: – omnidirectional – radio waves are propagated with the same intensity in all directions on a 360° plane,
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Fig. 1. External omnidirectional antenna with vertical polarization
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Fig. 2. Internal omnidirectional antenna with vertical polarization
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– directional – radio waves are propagated in a single direction (from several to 180°).
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Fig. 3. Horn directional antenna
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Fig. 4. Micro-band panel directional antenna
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Classification by polarization: – vertical – the force lines of the electric field are horizontal, i.e. parallel to the ground, – horizontal – the force lines of the electric field are vertical, i.e. perpendicular to the ground. Two antennas working together must have the same polarization.
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Classification by design: – Yagi antenna, – micro-band panel antenna, – quad antenna, – collinear antenna, – gap antenna, – horn antenna.
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The following factors should be considered when selecting the antenna: – Type of antenna (omnidirectional or directional), – polarization (horizontal, vertical), – antenna gain in dBi, – connector type (N, SMA, TNC).
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